Bugs are a type of insects, having sucking mouthparts called proboscis. Major structural types of extant insect mouthparts are extensive. But, insects may have other types of mouthparts such as mandible and maxilla for chewing and sponging. Where specialised food sources have been exploited, the mouthparts are modified, sometimes very considerably, so that the food may be obtained. Insects are found everywhere in the world, and they eat pretty much anything. Mouthparts of insects vary to a great extend among insects of different groups depending upon their feeding habits. One of the largest insect orders, it numbers more than 125,000 species that are relatively small, with soft bodies. Abstract one of the most intensively examined and abundantly documented structures in the animal world is insect mouthparts. The piercingsucking mouthparts of almost all true bugs enable these insects to feed on a diversity of fluids. Structure of insect mouth parts in general, as each insect differs.
Mandibles these are hard jaws meant for gripping and biting, most often found on insects like ants. Mouthparts are modified for various types of feeding, chewing, or sucking. These tiny creatures display the most diversity among all in the animal kingdom, with almost a million species that have been discovered so far. Damaged foliage is usually mottled, but other symptoms may be wilting, scorched leaf tips, or puckering and curling. Insect mouthparts are among the most important feeding structures, and one of the most intensively examined structures among animals. Background information the ecological roles that animals play in their ecosystems or habitats are, for the most part, determined by what and how they eat. Insect mouthparts amateur entomologists society aes. This is facilitated by the development of a sucking arrangement from the mouthparts. Maxillae pincers which are less powerful than the mandibles. Mouth parts in insects with diagram biology discussion. Some have mandibles that are much like teeth and are used for chewing. If so, share your ppt presentation slides online with.
They surround the mouth and are external to it, unlike the condition in vertebrates in which the teeth are within the oral cavity. Immature stages of many holometabolous insects like beetle larvae and lepidopteran caterpillars also have mandibulate mouthparts. Mouthparts ent 425 general entomology nc state university. Determining the type of mouthpart present on a specimen is useful for identifying it, and evaluating its damage potential. Insect mouthparts are derived from the appendages of four of the segments forming the insect head. This type of mouth parts are supposed to be the most primitive type as the other types are believed to be evolved from biting and chewing type of mouth parts. Mouthparts of insects are modified cephalic appendages. Insects dont bug us an environmental study unit for kindergarten 2nd graders. The article provides a pictorial presentation of the different types of insects. This also provides leverage when the other mouthparts are inserted. Different types of mouthparts biting and chewing type chewing and lapping type lacerating and sucking type piercing and sucking type sponging type siphoning type mask type degenerate type. Learn more insect mouthparts and how they are perfectly. Insects have segmented bodies, jointed legs, and external skeletons exoskeletons. Major structural types of extant insect mouthparts are extensive, consisting of diverse variations in element structure within each of the five mouthpart regionslabrum, hypopharynx, mandibles, maxillae, and labium.
They also feed on a variety of food in different habitat condition. They may damage all or part of the plant including roots, stems, leaves, buds and. The mouthparts show, according to the systematic group, a variety of conformations. Introduction to the identification of insects and related. Numerous instances of multielement fusion both within. This system remains little changed in all insects which chew their food, both larvae and adults. Insects are of different types and we may confuse with worms. Ppt different types of mouthparts in insects powerpoint. Mouthparts the most remarkably complicated structural feature of insects is the mouth. In fact, an insect s mouth is one of its defining features. Each species is perfectly suited to its role, and their mouthparts have evolved in ways that allow them to effectively exploit their food sources. Insects with chewing mouthparts consume the plant or insect they are feeding upon. Basal brachycera larvae show modifications away from the typical chewing mouthparts. Insects are incredibly diverse organisms, and they fill a variety of niches in their respective ecosystems.
They may damage all or part of the plant including roots, stems, leaves, buds and open flowers. Types of mouth parts in insects zoology biology youtube. Insect mouth parts show many cases of parallel evolution, the same end being independently achieved along similar, but not identical lines. Using their mouthparts, the pests pierce or rasp tissue so they can suck plant juices. The biting mouthparts of an adult damselfly make short work of an aphid. The basic structure of mouthparts remains the same. The main function of mouthparts is involved in feeding and therefore it varies in form and structure according to the taxonomic group and feeding habit of the taxa. This type of mouth parts are supposed to be the most primitive type as the other types are believed to be evolved. Contrary to some peoples opinions, no species of insect eats everything. Click on the tabs below to learn more about the mouthparts of specific insects. Types of mouthparts of insect 1 arthropods insects. On the basis of the mandibulate type, lets see a summary of the main adaptive modifications observed in different types of mouthparts.
Mouthparts are modified and combined into a sucking proboscis, which is highly variable in structure. Types of mouthparts insect mouthparts are modified appendages located on their head, similar in structure and composition to other limbs, as legs and antennae kellog, 1902. They will gain an understanding of how insects adaptations help them survive and thrive in a variety of. Insects exhibit a range of mouthparts, adapted to particular modes of feeding. The first comprehensive book on various aspects of the mouthparts of insects. Others have mouthparts that are modified into a tube for sucking. Insect mouthparts labrum a cover which may be loosely referred to as the upper lip. Structure and function of mouthparts biology courses. The basic segmental character of the mouthparts is most apparent in insects that bite off fragments of food and then chew it before ingesting it fig.
It focuses on the functional morphology of various feeding types, the fossil records and evolution within various lineages, and the biomechanics and developmental biology of the feeding organs of insects. Adaptations of insects teachers booklet texas cooperative extension. Information on insect mouth parts including a description of the basic parts of the insect mouth and further details on how some insects have modified their mouthparts to enable specialised feeding. Insects are the largest group of animals that occupy every type of habitat available on earth with the possible exception of sea. Insect mouthparts are modified appendages located on their head, similar in structure and composition to other limbs, as legs and antennae kellog, 1902. How insects are classified and named carl linnaeus carolus linnaeus 17071778 father of taxonomy, born in sweden professor, uppsala university developed todays system of scientific names species plantarum1753, genera. Common examples of these insects are aphids, scale insects, psyllids, leafhoppers, treehoppers, and cicadas.
These insects rely other animals tissue to feed on. Not only may this prove difficult, it may prove impossible. These consist of the labrum forming upper lip, mandibles, first maxillae, second maxillae forming lower lip, hypo pharynx and the epipharynx. A typical insect has 6 legs appendages and wings to fly. This type of mouth parts are supposed to be the most primitive type as the other types are believed to be evolved from. Insects with chewing mouthparts chewing insects feed by biting, ripping or tearing plant tissue. Insect mouth parts zoology for ias, ifos and other. Although many winged insects are commonly called flies, the name is strictly applicable only to members of diptera. Once the family of an insect has been determined you are left to hunt for literature that will permit identification to genus and species. First, because insects are ubiquitous residents of virtually all terrestrial and freshwater habitats and have elevated taxonomic diversity and ecomorphologic disparity, their mouthparts represent a broad spectrum of feeding modes that are ideal for comparative studies. Form and function of insect mouthparts request pdf. When the insects evolved, they had biting and chewing type of mouth parts to feed on the plant material available on land but as their food choices changed with time, these mouth parts modified. The most remarkably complicated structural feature of insects is the mouth. They are plant feeding, predators, parasitic and decomposers, for which they must possess different types of feeding apparatus.
These characteristics are easily visible and do not require a microscope. Typically the mandibles are the largest and most robust mouthparts of a chewing insect, and it uses them to masticate cut, tear, crush, chew food items. To determine what type of mouth an insect has, get a good hand lens 10 to 15x or a small microscope and a bright light. The two most common forms are the chewing and piercingsucking types moth and butterflies have a different, unique form of mouthparts. The complexity and variety in the structures of the mouthparts reflect the great variety in feeding habits and strategies employed by different insects, resulting from evolutionary diversification over hundreds of millions of years. Common in phytophagous groups inhabiting open habitats thysanura, cockroaches, mantids, phytophagous beetles. Insects are one of the representative classes within. Contrary to some peoples opinions, no species of insect eats. Different types of mouthparts in insects is the property of its rightful owner.
Homometabolous insects have different types of mouthparts in their larvae and adult stages. Insects with sucking mouthparts pests with sucking mouthparts cause similar types of damage. Still other insects, like ants, have powerful jaws that grip and cut food sources. Types of mouthparts of insect 1 free download as powerpoint presentation. The main difference between bugs and insects is the types of mouthparts in each type of arthropods. Chewing insects chew off portions of plant piercingsucking insects pierce skin and suck up plant juices internal feeders gain entrance into plant and feed on the inside subterranean insects attack plant from below the soil surface injury by laying eggs nest materials remove tissue to use in nests. The mandibles are caudal to the labrum and anterior to the maxillae. The ancestral condition is the piercing and sucking type proboscis, more modified proboscis forms variously rasp or sponge fluids. Examples of insects with haustellate mouthparts include true bugs, aphids and their relatives, butterflies and moths, fleas, mosquitoes and many other types of flies. Scott department of biological sciences university of alberta supported in part by academic technologies for learning and faculty of science, university of alberta these modules are designed primarily for use in introductory entomology courses at the university of alberta. Some types concern orders, groups of families, while other are found in single.
Morphology of insect mouthparts erik smith cornell blogs. Insects have various types of mouthparts used for feeding. Major structural types of extant insect mouthparts are extensive, consisting of diverse variations in element structure within each of the five mouthpart regionslabrum, hypopharynx, mandibles. If all insects had the same mouthparts they would all eat the same things. We identified 57 types of mouthparts and reported their distribution during time fig. Insect, class insecta or hexapoda, any member of the largest class of the phylum arthropoda, which is itself the largest of the animal phyla. Mandibles are found in insects that eat leaves, grain or other insects. Insect mouthparts an overview sciencedirect topics. Types of mouthparts of insect 1 arthropods insects and.
This article will focus on four commonly encountered types of mouthparts. The main function of mouthparts is involved in feeding and therefore it varies in form and structure according to the taxonomic group and feeding habit of. Have students think about why it might be useful for insects to have different mouth types from a plants perspective and from a humans perspective. On previous articles, we talked about flying adaptations in insects and how flying made them more diverse. Chapman, in encyclopedia of insects second edition, 2009. When a mosquito bites, the pointed and barbed pair of maxillae penetrate the dermal tissue of the vertebrate to anchor the mouthparts in the tissue. The fascicle is composed of the labrum, maxillae, mandibles, and hypopharynx, all of which are in the form of interconnecting fine stylets. Over millions of years, insects have got adapted to countless ecological changes. Although functionally equivalent to the jaws of vertebrates, they lie outside the mouth, not within a buccal cavity. These type of mouthparts are linked to solid foodbased feeding and they can be currently observed in a lot of groups.
Different insects have adapted themselves to different modes of ingestion of food. A phylum of animals more commonly known as arthropods most of life on earth is a member of phylum arthropoda. We can classify them based o their morphology, habitats and other characters. Examples of insects with basic mandibulate mouthparts include grasshoppers, cockroaches, and ground beetles. The ancestral condition is the piercing and sucking type proboscis, more.
Examples of insects with haustellate mouthparts include true bugs, aphids and their relatives, butterflies and moths, fleas, mosquitoes and many other types of. In this new article, we explain you the origin and evolutionary changes of insects mouthparts and therefore of feeding diversification throughout their evolutionary history. Derived brachycera larvae in the cyclorrhapha have highly modified mouthparts in which the typical mouthparts are lost or fused. Dec 12, 2017 both bugs and insects consist of wings. A result of the codiversification of insects and flowering plants was the expansion of the different insect mouthparts labandeira, 1997. A chewing insect has a pair of mandibles, one on each side of the head.
The labrum, which functions as the upper lip of insects with chewing mouthparts fig. The mouthparts of insects are structures surrounding the mouth that are involved in the mechanics of feeding and processing and manipulating the food so that it can be ingested. The sheathlike labium slides back and the remaining mouthparts pass through its tip and into the tissue. Their mouthparts are adapted to help them eat their favorite foods. These similar mouthparts are an example of homologous organs. Mandibulatelapping mouthparts are linked to a liquidbased diet e. In males of some species, such as of lucanidae and some cerambycidae, the. Gross destructive strange beautiful fascinating but, where do they fit into the larger animal kingdom.
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